PRKCA and GSK3B

Number of citations of the paper that reports this interaction (PMID 1324914)
76

Data Source:
BioGRID (enzymatic study)

		PRKCA	GSK3B
Gene Name		protein kinase C, alpha	glycogen synthase kinase 3 beta
Image
Gene Ontology Annotations	Cellular Component	Photoreceptor Outer Segment Nucleoplasm Cytoplasm Mitochondrion Endoplasmic Reticulum Cytosol Plasma Membrane Dendrite Mitochondrial Membrane Neuronal Cell Body Apical Part Of Cell Perinuclear Region Of Cytoplasm Extracellular Vesicular Exosome	Nucleus Nucleoplasm Cytoplasm Centrosome Cytosol Plasma Membrane Growth Cone Ribonucleoprotein Complex Beta-catenin Destruction Complex Neuronal Cell Body Dendritic Spine Dendritic Shaft Membrane Raft Perinuclear Region Of Cytoplasm
	Molecular Function	Protein Kinase Activity Protein Serine/threonine Kinase Activity Protein Kinase C Activity Calcium-dependent Protein Kinase C Activity Protein Binding ATP Binding Zinc Ion Binding Enzyme Binding Histone Kinase Activity (H3-T6 Specific)	RNA Polymerase II Transcription Factor Binding P53 Binding Protein Serine/threonine Kinase Activity Integrin Binding Protein Binding ATP Binding Beta-catenin Binding Kinase Activity Protein Kinase Binding Ubiquitin Protein Ligase Binding Protein Kinase A Catalytic Subunit Binding Ionotropic Glutamate Receptor Binding Tau Protein Binding Tau-protein Kinase Activity NF-kappaB Binding
	Biological Process	Inactivation Of MAPK Activity Mitotic Cell Cycle Angiogenesis Positive Regulation Of Protein Phosphorylation Positive Regulation Of Endothelial Cell Proliferation Regulation Of The Force Of Heart Contraction Chondrocyte Differentiation Desmosome Assembly Energy Reserve Metabolic Process Protein Phosphorylation Cellular Calcium Ion Homeostasis Regulation Of Muscle Contraction Mitotic Nuclear Envelope Disassembly Cell Adhesion Signal Transduction Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway Activation Of Adenylate Cyclase Activity Negative Regulation Of Adenylate Cyclase Activity Activation Of Phospholipase C Activity Synaptic Transmission Blood Coagulation Phototransduction, Visible Light Negative Regulation Of Cell Proliferation Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway Gene Expression Positive Regulation Of Endothelial Cell Migration Positive Regulation Of Cardiac Muscle Hypertrophy Rhodopsin Mediated Signaling Pathway Regulation Of Rhodopsin Mediated Signaling Pathway Platelet Activation Extracellular Matrix Organization Positive Regulation Of Cell Migration Neutrophil Chemotaxis Positive Regulation Of Lipopolysaccharide-mediated Signaling Pathway Negative Regulation Of Glial Cell Apoptotic Process Histone H3-T6 Phosphorylation Peptidyl-serine Autophosphorylation Positive Regulation Of Blood Vessel Endothelial Cell Migration Small Molecule Metabolic Process Innate Immune Response Positive Regulation Of Macrophage Differentiation Positive Regulation Of Angiogenesis Positive Regulation Of Cell Adhesion Positive Regulation Of Mitotic Cell Cycle Negative Regulation Of Glucose Import Negative Regulation Of Insulin Receptor Signaling Pathway Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway Neurotrophin TRK Receptor Signaling Pathway Positive Regulation Of Inflammatory Response Regulation Of Peptidyl-tyrosine Phosphorylation Regulation Of Insulin Secretion Induction Of Positive Chemotaxis Positive Regulation Of ERK1 And ERK2 Cascade Response To Interleukin-1 Cellular Response To Carbohydrate Stimulus Regulation Of Platelet Aggregation Apoptotic Signaling Pathway Intrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway Positive Regulation Of Dense Core Granule Biogenesis	Re-entry Into Mitotic Cell Cycle Epithelial To Mesenchymal Transition Positive Regulation Of Cell-matrix Adhesion Glycogen Metabolic Process Regulation Of Gene Expression By Genetic Imprinting Protein Phosphorylation Protein Export From Nucleus ER Overload Response Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway Axon Guidance Myoblast Fusion Circadian Rhythm Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor Signaling Pathway Organ Morphogenesis Response To Lithium Ion Negative Regulation Of Cardiac Muscle Hypertrophy Positive Regulation Of Peptidyl-threonine Phosphorylation Negative Regulation Of Neuron Maturation Cell Migration Peptidyl-serine Phosphorylation Hippocampus Development Establishment Of Cell Polarity Negative Regulation Of Protein Complex Assembly Positive Regulation Of Protein Complex Assembly Negative Regulation Of Protein Binding Positive Regulation Of Protein Binding Positive Regulation Of Proteasomal Ubiquitin-dependent Protein Catabolic Process Positive Regulation Of Rac GTPase Activity Regulation Of Microtubule-based Process Positive Regulation Of Peptidyl-serine Phosphorylation Cellular Response To Heat Protein Localization To Microtubule Intracellular Signal Transduction Cellular Response To Interleukin-3 Fc-epsilon Receptor Signaling Pathway Response To Drug Negative Regulation Of Apoptotic Process Negative Regulation Of MAP Kinase Activity Hypermethylation Of CpG Island Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway Involved In Positive Regulation Of Apoptotic Process Innate Immune Response Fat Cell Differentiation Negative Regulation Of Glycogen Biosynthetic Process Positive Regulation Of Protein Catabolic Process Positive Regulation Of Axon Extension Positive Regulation Of Transcription From RNA Polymerase II Promoter Positive Regulation Of Protein Export From Nucleus Neurotrophin TRK Receptor Signaling Pathway Phosphatidylinositol-mediated Signaling Regulation Of Neuronal Synaptic Plasticity Negative Regulation Of Dendrite Morphogenesis Negative Regulation Of NFAT Protein Import Into Nucleus Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway Superior Temporal Gyrus Development Cellular Response To Mechanical Stimulus Negative Regulation Of Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway Positive Regulation Of Canonical Wnt Signaling Pathway Extrinsic Apoptotic Signaling Pathway In Absence Of Ligand Regulation Of Cellular Response To Heat Positive Regulation Of Mitochondrial Outer Membrane Permeabilization Involved In Apoptotic Signaling Pathway Negative Regulation Of Type B Pancreatic Cell Development Negative Regulation Of Glycogen (starch) Synthase Activity Positive Regulation Of Stem Cell Differentiation
Pathways		Ca-dependent events Signaling by GPCR CaM pathway Signaling by FGFR in disease Phospholipase C-mediated cascade Integration of energy metabolism Mitotic Prophase Signaling by Wnt Signaling by EGFRvIII in Cancer PLCG1 events in ERBB2 signaling Signaling by SCF-KIT DAP12 signaling Regulation of KIT signaling Gastrin-CREB signalling pathway via PKC and MAPK Response to elevated platelet cytosolic Ca2+ G alpha (z) signalling events Neurotransmitter Receptor Binding And Downstream Transmission In The Postsynaptic Cell Signaling by PDGF Calmodulin induced events DAP12 interactions Regulation of mRNA stability by proteins that bind AU-rich elements Opioid Signalling Diseases associated with visual transduction EGFR interacts with phospholipase C-gamma Signaling by ERBB2 Signaling by EGFR Syndecan interactions GPCR downstream signaling Signaling by VEGF Calmodulin induced events Downstream signal transduction WNT5A-dependent internalization of FZD4 Signaling by EGFR in Cancer Platelet activation, signaling and aggregation PCP/CE pathway Transmission across Chemical Synapses Trafficking of GluR2-containing AMPA receptors Nuclear Envelope Breakdown HuR stabilizes mRNA DAG and IP3 signaling M Phase VEGFA-VEGFR2 Pathway CaM pathway Inactivation, recovery and regulation of the phototransduction cascade EGFR Transactivation by Gastrin VEGFR2 mediated cell proliferation Downstream signaling of activated FGFR The phototransduction cascade Disinhibition of SNARE formation Innate Immune System Signalling by NGF PLC beta mediated events Regulation of insulin secretion Depolymerisation of the Nuclear Lamina Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Variants in Cancer NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane G-protein mediated events Non-integrin membrane-ECM interactions Signaling by Overexpressed Wild-Type EGFR in Cancer Trafficking of AMPA receptors Cell Cycle, Mitotic Signaling by FGFR beta-catenin independent WNT signaling Acetylcholine regulates insulin secretion Visual phototransduction Ca2+ pathway PLC-gamma1 signalling Glutamate Binding, Activation of AMPA Receptors and Synaptic Plasticity	Signaling by the B Cell Receptor (BCR) Hedgehog 'off' state Signaling by FGFR in disease misspliced GSK3beta mutants stabilize beta-catenin T41 mutants of beta-catenin aren't phosphorylated TCF7L2 mutants don't bind CTBP truncated APC mutants destabilize the destruction complex Signaling by Wnt AKT phosphorylates targets in the cytosol Signaling by EGFRvIII in Cancer Signaling by SCF-KIT DAP12 signaling Downstream signaling events of B Cell Receptor (BCR) Degradation of beta-catenin by the destruction complex PI3K/AKT activation PI-3K cascade RNF mutants show enhanced WNT signaling and proliferation AXIN mutants destabilize the destruction complex, activating WNT signaling S33 mutants of beta-catenin aren't phosphorylated Beta-catenin phosphorylation cascade truncations of AMER1 destabilize the destruction complex Signaling by PDGF DAP12 interactions GAB1 signalosome misspliced LRP5 mutants have enhanced beta-catenin-dependent signaling phosphorylation site mutants of CTNNB1 are not targeted to the proteasome by the destruction complex AXIN missense mutants destabilize the destruction complex S45 mutants of beta-catenin aren't phosphorylated Signaling by ERBB4 Constitutive PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer Role of LAT2/NTAL/LAB on calcium mobilization PI3K events in ERBB4 signaling Signaling by ERBB2 Signaling by EGFR deletions in the AMER1 gene destabilize the destruction complex AMER1 mutants destabilize the destruction complex Downstream signal transduction Fc epsilon receptor (FCERI) signaling Signaling by EGFR in Cancer PI3K/AKT Signaling in Cancer CRMPs in Sema3A signaling Adaptive Immune System Axon guidance PIP3 activates AKT signaling APC truncation mutants have impaired AXIN binding APC truncation mutants are not K63 polyubiquitinated disassembly of the destruction complex and recruitment of AXIN to the membrane S37 mutants of beta-catenin aren't phosphorylated PI3K events in ERBB2 signaling Downstream signaling of activated FGFR XAV939 inhibits tankyrase, stabilizing AXIN Innate Immune System Signalling by NGF Semaphorin interactions Signaling by Ligand-Responsive EGFR Variants in Cancer Regulation of HSF1-mediated heat shock response Cellular response to heat stress NGF signalling via TRKA from the plasma membrane Signaling by Overexpressed Wild-Type EGFR in Cancer Signaling by FGFR TCF dependent signaling in response to WNT Signaling by Hedgehog deletions in the AXIN genes in hepatocellular carcinoma result in elevated WNT signaling Signaling by WNT in cancer GLI3 is processed to GLI3R by the proteasome Degradation of GLI2 by the proteasome
Drugs		Phosphatidylserine Vitamin E Ingenol Mebutate Ellagic Acid	Lithium 3-[3-(2,3-Dihydroxy-Propylamino)-Phenyl]-4-(5-Fluoro-1-Methyl-1h-Indol-3-Yl)-Pyrrole-2,5-Dione I-5 N-(4-Methoxybenzyl)-N\'-(5-Nitro-1,3-Thiazol-2-Yl)Urea Staurosporine Indirubin-3\'-Monoxime Adenosine-5\'-Diphosphate (3e)-6\'-Bromo-2,3\'-Biindole-2\',3(1h,1\'h)-Dione 3-Oxime Alsterpaullone Phosphoaminophosphonic Acid-Adenylate Ester 2-(1,3-benzodioxol-5-yl)-5-[(3-fluoro-4-methoxybenzyl)sulfanyl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole 5-[1-(4-methoxyphenyl)-1H-benzimidazol-6-yl]-1,3,4-oxadiazole-2(3H)-thione (7S)-2-(2-aminopyrimidin-4-yl)-7-(2-fluoroethyl)-1,5,6,7-tetrahydro-4H-pyrrolo[3,2-c]pyridin-4-one N-[2-(5-methyl-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl)phenyl]-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-amine 5-(5-chloro-7H-pyrrolo[2,3-d]pyrimidin-4-yl)-4,5,6,7-tetrahydro-1H-imidazo[4,5-c]pyridine 3-({[(3S)-3,4-dihydroxybutyl]oxy}amino)-1H,2\'H-2,3\'-biindol-2\'-one N-[(1S)-2-amino-1-phenylethyl]-5-(1H-pyrrolo[2,3-b]pyridin-4-yl)thiophene-2-carboxamide 4-(4-CHLOROPHENYL)-4-[4-(1H-PYRAZOL-4-YL)PHENYL]PIPERIDINE ISOQUINOLINE-5-SULFONIC ACID (2-(2-(4-CHLOROBENZYLOXY)ETHYLAMINO)ETHYL)AMIDE (2S)-1-(1H-INDOL-3-YL)-3-{[5-(3-METHYL-1H-INDAZOL-5-YL)PYRIDIN-3-YL]OXY}PROPAN-2-AMINE
Diseases
GWAS		Height ( 22021425) Post-traumatic stress disorder (asjusted for relatedness) ( 23726511) Ventricular conduction ( 21076409)
Protein-Protein Interactions		210 interactors: ACTA1 ADAP1 ADCY5 ADD3 ADRA1B ADRBK1 AFAP1 AKAP12 AKAP5 ANXA2 ANXA7 APLP2 ARHGEF1 ATP1A1 ATP2B1 ATP2B2 AVPR1A BCL2 BTG2 BTK C1QBP CASR CBL CD163 CD5 CD9 CDC42 CDKN2A CFTR CHAT CISH CORO1B CREM CYP3A4 CYTH2 DDX5 DGKD DGKZ DLG4 DLX3 DNM1 DVL2 EDF1 EEF1D EGFR EIF4E EIF4EBP1 ELAVL1 ENTPD5 EP300 EWSR1 EZR F11R FAS FBXO25 FLNA FLNC FSCN1 GABRB3 GABRG2 GABRR1 GABRR2 GFAP GFPT1 GJA1 GJB1 GLI3 GMFB GNA12 GNA15 GNB2L1 GPM6A GRIA1 GRIA2 GRIA4 GRIN1 GRIN2A GRIN2B GRM1 GRM5 GSK3A GSK3B HABP4 HAND1 HAND2 HES1 HIST1H1A HIST1H1B HIST1H1C HIST1H1D HIST1H1E HIST1H1T HIST1H3A HIST3H3 HLA-A HMGA1 HMGA2 HMGB1 HMGN1 HMGN2 HSP90AA1 HSPA1A HSPB8 IKBKB INSR ITGB1 ITGB2 ITGB4 ITPKA ITPKB KCNE1 KCNE4 KCNQ2 KIT KLF5 KRT18 LCK LMNA LMNB1 MARCKS MBP MGMT MTOR MYLK MYOD1 NCF1 NFATC1 NFE2L2 NFKBIA NOS1 NR1H2 NRGN NUMB OGG1 OPRD1 PA2G4 PAM PDLIM7 PEA15 PEBP1 PFKFB1 PFKFB2 PICK1 PLCB1 PLD1 PLD2 POLB PPARA PPARG PPP1R14A PRKCZ PRKG1 PSMB4 PTGIR PTPN11 PTPN12 PTPN6 RAC1 RAF1 RALBP1 RARA RBCK1 RGS19 RGS2 RGS7 RHO RHOA RNF31 RPL10 RRAD SACM1L SCRIB SCTR SDC2 SDC4 SDPR SELL SEMG1 SEMG2 SHC1 SLC1A1 SLC6A9 SNAP23 SNAP25 SPAG1 SPP1 SRC STXBP1 STXBP3 SYK TBXA2R TEP1 TERT THOC5 TIAM1 TNNI3 TNNT2 TNP1 TNP2 TOP2A TP53 TRIM29 TRIM41 TRPC3 TRPV6 VCL VTN XK YWHAG YWHAZ	206 interactors: ACLY ACSBG1 ACTL6B ADAP1 ADIRF AKAP11 AKT1 AKT2 AKT3 APC APP AR ARRB1 ASRGL1 ATPIF1 ATXN3 AURKA AXIN1 AXIN2 BAG6 BCL3 BEX1 BICD1 BICD2 BRIX1 BTRC BZW2 C14orf1 CABYR CAMSAP3 CCND1 CCNE1 CDH1 CDK5 CDX2 CEBPA CEBPZ CENPB CHD3 CIITA CLEC3B CREB1 CREM CSAD CST6 CTNNB1 CTNND1 DBI DCTN1 DCTN2 DCTN3 DDIT4 DEAF1 DEFA1 DHX34 DNAJC13 DNM1L DNMT1 DNMT3L DPYSL2 DUSP9 DYNC1I1 E2F1 EEF1A1 EEF1G EFTUD2 EIF2B5 EIF4EBP1 ENTPD6 EYA1 FAM193B FAM83D FBN3 FEN1 FIBP FKBP14 FOXO1 FRAT1 FRAT2 FZD5 GAPDH GBP2 GIPC1 GJB5 GNB2 GPR39 GYS1 HDAC4 HNRNPD HSP90AA1 HSPA4 IGHM IGSF21 IKBKG ILK IQCG JUN KHSRP KIAA1191 KIF5B KLF2 KLF5 LMO4 LRP6 LUC7L2 MAP1B MAP3K1 MAP3K4 MAP4 MAPK1 MAPT MARK2 MASP1 MCL1 MDM2 MED24 MGEA5 MICAL1 MID1IP1 MITF MPP1 MTF2 MTOR MUC1 MYC MYOCD NAT9 NBR1 NCOA3 NFE2L1 NFE2L2 NFKB1 NIN NOTCH1 NOTCH2 NRBP1 NSFL1C OGT PDE4D PFKFB4 PHLPP1 PIK3R1 PIM2 PMAIP1 PPARGC1A PPP1R2 PRKACA PRKCA PRKCB PRKCZ PRKDC PSEN1 PTK2 PTN PTPN1 PXN QARS RAI1 RBPJ RCAN1 RELB RICTOR RPL36AL RPLP1 RPS2 RPS6KA1 RSU1 RXRA SAP30BP SGK1 SGK3 SLA SMAD1 SMAD3 SNAI1 SNCA SNCAIP SPTBN4 SREBF1 SYNE4 TAZ TLE1 TMEM132A TMEM44 TONSL TP53 TPPP TSC2 TUBA1A UBE2D1 UBR1 UBR5 UBXN6 UFM1 UPF3A VIM VPS51 WSB1 XPNPEP1 YBX1 YBX3 ZFPM1 ZHX1 ZNF135 ZNF227 ZNF746
Entrez ID		5578	2932
HPRD ID		01498	05418
Ensembl ID		ENSG00000154229	ENSG00000082701
Uniprot IDs		P17252 Q7Z727	P49841 Q6FI27
PDB IDs		2ELI 3IW4 4DNL	1GNG 1H8F 1I09 1J1B 1J1C 1O6K 1O6L 1O9U 1PYX 1Q3D 1Q3W 1Q41 1Q4L 1Q5K 1R0E 1UV5 2JDO 2JDR 2JLD 2O5K 2OW3 2UW9 2X39 2XH5 3CQU 3CQW 3DU8 3E87 3E88 3E8D 3F7Z 3F88 3GB2 3I4B 3L1S 3M1S 3PUP 3Q3B 3SAY 3SD0 3ZDI 3ZRK 3ZRL 3ZRM 4ACC 4ACD 4ACG 4ACH 4AFJ 4B7T 4DIT 4EKK 4IQ6 4J1R 4J71
Enriched GO Terms of Interacting Partners?		Response To Stimulus Cellular Response To Stimulus Regulation Of Signaling Signaling Cell Communication Developmental Process Response To Organic Substance Positive Regulation Of Metabolic Process Response To Stress Multicellular Organismal Development Response To Wounding Cell Differentiation Anatomical Structure Development Regulation Of Cellular Process Signal Transduction Wound Healing Regulation Of Signal Transduction Hemostasis Positive Regulation Of Cellular Metabolic Process Response To External Stimulus Blood Coagulation Regulation Of Body Fluid Levels System Development Regulation Of Cellular Component Organization Cell Surface Receptor Signaling Pathway Locomotion Response To Organonitrogen Compound Regulation Of Intracellular Signal Transduction Positive Regulation Of Signal Transduction Cell Development Regulation Of Catalytic Activity Positive Regulation Of Transport Regulation Of Metabolic Process Response To Abiotic Stimulus Movement Of Cell Or Subcellular Component Regulation Of Protein Metabolic Process Regulation Of Cellular Localization Transmembrane Receptor Protein Tyrosine Kinase Signaling Pathway Positive Regulation Of Intracellular Signal Transduction Positive Regulation Of Catalytic Activity Neurogenesis Nervous System Development Organ Development Generation Of Neurons Cell-cell Signaling Intracellular Signal Transduction Regulation Of Cell Differentiation Response To Organic Cyclic Compound Platelet Activation Regulation Of Cellular Protein Metabolic Process	Positive Regulation Of Cellular Metabolic Process Positive Regulation Of Cellular Biosynthetic Process Positive Regulation Of Gene Expression Positive Regulation Of Metabolic Process Positive Regulation Of Macromolecule Biosynthetic Process Positive Regulation Of Transcription, DNA-templated Negative Regulation Of Cellular Metabolic Process Regulation Of Metabolic Process Regulation Of Protein Metabolic Process Regulation Of Transcription From RNA Polymerase II Promoter Regulation Of Cellular Protein Metabolic Process Response To Organic Substance Cellular Response To Organic Substance Regulation Of Nitrogen Compound Metabolic Process Positive Regulation Of Transcription From RNA Polymerase II Promoter Positive Regulation Of Protein Metabolic Process Regulation Of Signaling Regulation Of Gene Expression Response To Stress Cellular Response To Stimulus Regulation Of Cellular Component Organization Positive Regulation Of Cellular Protein Metabolic Process Response To Stimulus Regulation Of Signal Transduction Apoptotic Process Negative Regulation Of Biosynthetic Process Developmental Process Negative Regulation Of Protein Metabolic Process Cell Death Death Programmed Cell Death Regulation Of Cell Differentiation Anatomical Structure Development Regulation Of Nucleic Acid-templated Transcription Regulation Of RNA Biosynthetic Process Regulation Of RNA Metabolic Process Regulation Of Transcription, DNA-templated Negative Regulation Of Gene Expression Negative Regulation Of Cellular Protein Metabolic Process Regulation Of Phosphorus Metabolic Process Regulation Of Cell Death Gene Expression Multicellular Organismal Development Negative Regulation Of Nucleic Acid-templated Transcription Regulation Of Cellular Process Negative Regulation Of RNA Biosynthetic Process Cellular Response To Stress Negative Regulation Of Transcription, DNA-templated Cell Differentiation Posttranscriptional Regulation Of Gene Expression
Tagcloud ?		american artiodactyla assigned block blot cattle chr conservative conserved cow electrophoresis erbb2 hybrid hybridization localization localized means mink nf1 pepa pig rara representatives sheep southern swine synteny tk1 umph2	200mg clamp coagulation confirmation dm downregulated encountered f3 gskbeta3 hg hi hour hyperglycemia hyperinsulinemia ingenuity monocyte monocytes pik3c3 platelet platelets proinflammatory prothrombotic ptpn1 ptpn11 qrt stxbp4 tf tfpi thrombin
Tagcloud (Difference) ?		american artiodactyla assigned block blot cattle chr conservative conserved cow electrophoresis erbb2 hybrid hybridization localization localized means mink nf1 pepa pig rara representatives sheep southern swine synteny tk1 umph2	200mg clamp coagulation confirmation dm downregulated encountered f3 gskbeta3 hg hi hour hyperglycemia hyperinsulinemia ingenuity monocyte monocytes pik3c3 platelet platelets proinflammatory prothrombotic ptpn1 ptpn11 qrt stxbp4 tf tfpi thrombin
Tagcloud (Intersection) ?